| Pole | KOD | Znaczenie kodu |
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| Zamierzone efekty uczenia się | AQF_1A_C04_W01 | After completing the course, the student will be able to characterize in detail the anatomical structure of fish of various animal species and will have knowledge of the mechanisms governing the embryogenesis of fish and crayfish belonging to separate families, which differ in terms and method of natural spawning, which translates into different patterns of the course of early ontogenesis and has knowledge about the changes taking place in the body of juvenile fish and crayfish after leaving the egg envelopes (level of maturity of individual systems depending on the species, adaptation to larval life and transitional organs) |
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| Odniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiów | AQF_1A_W05 | Student has a profound knowledge in the field of taxonomy, biology, anatomy, and functioning of hydrobionts, with special regard to species significant in aquaculture and in fisheries |
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| Cel przedmiotu | C-1 | The goal of the course is to introduce students with the macroscopic and microscopic structure of fishes and other aquatic organisms, taking into account comparative structural differences |
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| C-2 | To introduce the students with the relationships between the histological structure of tissues and organs, and obtaining specific technological effects in food production;
This is how anatomical knowledge is perceived (enriched with topography of organs) is indispensable for acquiring knowledge in other disciplines such as embryology, aquaculture and food technology |
| Treści programowe | T-W-1 | Basic anatomical concepts and definitions, place and usefulness of anatomical knowledge for other areas of fisheries knowledge; Methods of anatomical examinations (macroscopic, microscopic - in vivo and in vitro); Anatomical nomenclature.
Structural elements of the fish body - cells, tissues, organs, systems (external and internal structure of the cell, intracellular structures, differentiation of size, shape and external and internal structure depending on the function performed; types of tissues - the participation and role of tissues in structures with a higher degree of integration morpho-functional - organs and systems;
Organs - topography, the participation of various tissue structures in individual organs, morphological modifications of cells in individual organs;
Systems - the diversity of structure and topography of systems as an expression of functions by related organs forming the system, structural and functional interdependence of individual organs inside the system |
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| T-L-1 | Osteology - division of the skeleton into individual elements, structure, Latin – scientific terminology.
Topography of fish muscles, structure, location of individual muscles.
Origin, structure, topography of individual internal organs, interspecies differences. |
| T-W-2 | Tissues - general characteristics, classification, development of tissue science as an effect of progress in research techniques and methods; types of microscopes - light and electron; tissue culture observed in vitro and in vivo;
Tissue classification:
Border tissues; epithelium - types, structure of the epithelium as an expression of adapting its macro- and microstructure to the place of occurrence and its function; epithelial origin.
Skin: structure, functions, layers, skin color, specificity and diversity of skin and the functions it performs; technological value of the skin and its products - collagen;
usefulness of hard leather products for biology and taxonomy research.
Internal environment tissues - connective, types, intracellular substance (matrix),
proper connective tissue cells, intracellular structures, collagen and non-collagen matrix components; chemical structure and mineral structure of tissue, types of bone joints; blood as a suspension of cells (blood cells) and platelets in a liquid intercellular substance; blood composition
Muscle tissues as a collection of cells capable of contraction and relaxation - types, origin, muscle fiber - myocyte, sarcomer structure, thin and thick myofilaments; sliding theory of muscle contraction; molecular contraction mechanism, microtubules; type of
muscle fibers; cardiac muscle tissue; smooth muscle tissue;
Circulatory system (blood and lymphatic) - arteries and veins, capillaries, heart; construction and topography; fish heart structure; irrigation of individual organs - biological and differences
importance; vessel construction and so-called lymphatic hearts, specific structure, topography,
importance; cardiovascular muscles; centers and structures regulating cardiovascular activities.
Respiratory system - gill apparatus, formation, structure, gas exchange, respiration of cartilaginous and skeletal fish; adaptations to air breathing - fish, additional respiratory organs in embryos, larvae and adult fish
Excretory and osmoregulatory systems; kidney structure; topography, division into sections, internal structures, differences in the structure and microstructure of the kidneys of sea and freshwater fish; the liver and its contribution to the excretion and neutralization of toxins and products of metabolism; structure; gills and swim bladder - role in the excretion of CO2 and excess salt, chloride cells;
Endocrine system - structure (glands) and topography of the fish endocrine system; cell structure of glands, hormonal regulation and influence of hormones on fish's body; morpho-functional effects; participation of endocrine glands in regulating and preparing the fish's body for breeding; possibilities of practical applications.
Nervous tissue, nervous system - neuron, development of nerve tissue, nerve endings, development of the nervous system, conception and structure of the nerve; brain, cerebral nerves, spinal cord, autonomic system.
Sensory organs - definition, receptors, anatomical diversity of sensory organs.
Light and electrical organs in fish - the arrangement of light organs on the body of the fish and their sizes; phenomenon of lighting and its biological significance.
Electrical organs: the occurrence and location of electrical organs in fish; electric fish organs; mechanism of current generation in biological structures; examples of physiological phenomena accompanying electrical discharges; strong and weak electrical discharges; electrostatic sense and electrolocation;
communication of fish using electric signals.
Fish electroreceptors - discovery of the phenomenon of shark locating prey (electroreception),
Algorithm for locating prey by sharks and rays, distribution, orientation of fish in the magnetic field. |
| T-W-3 | Fish reproduction – reproduction as a processes ensuring the preservation of species and populations and playing an essential role in breeding economy, morphological adaptations to reproduction; reproductive system and organs - gonads; biological significance;
Changes in the endocrine system; gonads, gonads, germ cells - sperm and eggs; spermatogenesis, ovogenesis; embryonic development, essence and meaning.
Influence of external - environmental factors - on germinal development, influence of ambient temperature, thermal units (degree days, degree hours, optimal and lethal temperatures), influence of dissolved oxygen in water, water and gas exchange; exposure to light, salinity - tolerance range, sensitivity to shocks and mechanical injuries, influence of magnetic field, influence of other environmental factors. |
| T-L-2 | Histological structure of individual tissues and organs.
Border tissues; epithelium - types, structure of the epithelium as an expression of adapting its macro- and microstructure to the place of occurrence and its function; epithelial origin.
Skin: structure, functions, layers, skin color, specificity and diversity of skin and the functions it performs; technological value of the skin and its products - collagen;
usefulness of hard leather products for biology and taxonomy research.
proper connective tissue cells, intracellular structures, collagen and non-collagen matrix components; chemical structure and mineral structure of tissue, types of bone joints; blood as a suspension of cells (blood cells) and platelets in a liquid intercellular substance; blood composition
Structural elements of the fish body - cells, tissues, organs, systems (external and internal structure of the cell, intracellular structures, differentiation of size, shape and external and internal structure depending on the function performed; types of tissues - the participation and role of tissues in structures with a higher degree of integration morpho-functional - organs and systems;
Organs - topography, the participation of various tissue structures in individual organs, morphological modifications of cells in individual organs;
Systems - the diversity of structure and topography of systems as an expression of functions by related organs forming the system, structural and functional interdependence of individual organs inside the system
Tissues - general characteristics, classification, development of tissue science as an effect of progress in research techniques and methods; types of microscopes - light and electron; tissue culture observed in vitro and in vivo;
Tissue classification:
Muscle tissues as a collection of cells capable of contraction and relaxation - types, origin, muscle fiber - myocyte, sarcomer structure, thin and thick myofilaments; sliding theory of muscle contraction; molecular contraction mechanism, microtubules; type of
muscle fibers; cardiac muscle tissue; smooth muscle tissue;
Circulatory system (blood and lymphatic) - arteries and veins, capillaries, heart; construction and topography; fish heart structure; irrigation of individual organs - biological and differences
importance; vessel construction and so-called lymphatic hearts, specific structure, topography,
importance; cardiovascular muscles; centers and structures regulating cardiovascular activities.
Respiratory system - gill apparatus, formation, structure, gas exchange, respiration of cartilaginous and skeletal fish; adaptations to air breathing - fish, additional respiratory organs in embryos, larvae and adult fish
Excretory and osmoregulatory systems; kidney structure; topography, division into sections, internal structures, differences in the structure and microstructure of the kidneys of sea and freshwater fish; the liver and its contribution to the excretion and neutralization of toxins and products of metabolism; structure; gills and swim bladder - role in the excretion of CO2 and excess salt, chloride cells;
Endocrine system - structure (glands) and topography of the fish endocrine system; cell structure of glands, hormonal regulation and influence of hormones on fish's body; morpho-functional effects; participation of endocrine glands in regulating and preparing the fish's body for breeding; possibilities of practical applications.
Nervous tissue, nervous system - neuron, development of nerve tissue, nerve endings, development of the nervous system, conception and structure of the nerve; brain, cerebral nerves, spinal cord, autonomic system.
Sensory organs - definition, receptors, anatomical diversity of sensory organs.
Light and electrical organs in fish - the arrangement of light organs on the body of the fish and their sizes; phenomenon of lighting and its biological significance.
Electrical organs: the occurrence and location of electrical organs in fish; electric fish organs; mechanism of current generation in biological structures; examples of physiological phenomena accompanying electrical discharges; strong and weak electrical discharges; electrostatic sense and electrolocation;
communication of fish using electric signals.
Fish electroreceptors - discovery of the phenomenon of shark locating prey (electroreception), |
| T-L-3 | Fish reproduction – reproduction as a processes ensuring the preservation of species and populations and playing an essential role in breeding economy, morphological adaptations to reproduction; reproductive system and organs - gonads; biological significance;
Changes in the endocrine system; gonads, gonads, germ cells - sperm and eggs; spermatogenesis, ovogenesis; embryonic development, essence and meaning.
Influence of external - environmental factors - on germinal development, influence of ambient temperature, thermal units (degree days, degree hours, optimal and lethal temperatures), influence of dissolved oxygen in water, water and gas exchange; exposure to light, salinity.
Embryogenesis - detailed structure of gametes (eggs and spermatozoa) and their species diversity, embryonic development, impact of environmental conditions. |
| Metody nauczania | M-1 | Informative lecture with the use of multimedia presentation, explanation, problem lecture, seminar lecture
Discussion related to the lecture, film, demonstration, laboratory exercises (fish and crayfish section - recognition of individual muscles , arrangement of muscle fibers, shape, size, color; location and course of the muscle myomers;, head muscles, dissection of muscles, recognition of individual organs, histological preparations of individual tissues and systems of various fish species) |
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| Sposób oceny | S-1 | Ocena formująca: Assessment of the student's activity in the classroom |
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| S-2 | Ocena podsumowująca: Written test |
| Kryteria oceny | Ocena | Kryterium oceny |
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| 2,0 | |
| 3,0 | The student knows the basic stages of embryonic development and is able to describe the general body structure of juvenile fish. |
| 3,5 | |
| 4,0 | |
| 4,5 | |
| 5,0 | |